@misc{Pastucha_Tymon._Russia’s_2024.03.29,
 author={Pastucha, Tymon.},
 copyright={The Polish Institute of International Affairs (PISM)},
 address={Warsaw},
 howpublished={online},
 year={2024.03.29},
 publisher={The Polish Institute of International Affairs (PISM)},
 language={eng},
 abstract={A group of vintage vessels illegally transporting oil, known as the “shadow fleet”, enables Russia to circumvent Western sanctions, particularly the price cap mechanism. It allows it to maintain high revenues for the Russian budget and finance the expansion of the armed forces, undermining the sense of the restrictions. At the same time, it threatens maritime and environmental security. The way to limit the expansion of the “shadow fleet” is by better identifying its activities, enforcing the restrictions adopted and lowering the price cap.},
 title={Russia’s “Shadow Fleet” on Course to Circumvent Western Sanctions},
 type={file},
 keywords={Rosja, sankcje, flota cieni, bezpieczeństwo morskie, obchodzenie sankcji, ropa naftowa, eksport},
}