<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="https://digit.pism.pl/style/common/xsl/oai-style.xsl"?>
<OAI-PMH xmlns="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/" 
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/
         http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/OAI-PMH.xsd">
	<responseDate>2026-10-08T23:05:57Z</responseDate>
	<request identifier="oai:digit.pism.pl:4809" metadataPrefix="oai_dc" verb="GetRecord">
	https://digit.pism.pl/oai-pmh-repository.xml</request>
	<GetRecord>
	
  <record>
	<header>
		<identifier>oai:digit.pism.pl:4809</identifier>
	    <datestamp>2026-10-07T11:23:07Z</datestamp>
		  <setSpec>dLibraDigitalLibrary:PulikacjePISM:BiulPISMBull:Bulletin</setSpec> 	      <setSpec>dLibraDigitalLibrary:PulikacjePISM:BiulPISMBull</setSpec> 	      <setSpec>dLibraDigitalLibrary:PulikacjePISM:BiulPISMBull:Bulletin:2025</setSpec> 	      <setSpec>dLibraDigitalLibrary</setSpec> 	      <setSpec>dLibraDigitalLibrary:PulikacjePISM</setSpec> 	    </header>
		<metadata>
	<oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
<dc:title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[U.S. Relying on Questionable Deportations to African Countries]]></dc:title>
<dc:title xml:lang="pl"><![CDATA[U.S. Relying on Questionable Deportations to African Countries]]></dc:title>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[Czerep, Jędrzej.]]></dc:creator>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[United States]]></dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Immigration/immigrants]]></dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Criminals]]></dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Forced relocation/deportation]]></dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Africa]]></dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[International agreements]]></dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="pl"><![CDATA[Stany Zjednoczone]]></dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="pl"><![CDATA[imigracja/imigranci]]></dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="pl"><![CDATA[przestępcy]]></dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="pl"><![CDATA[przymusowe przesiedlenie/wysiedlenie]]></dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="pl"><![CDATA[Afryka]]></dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="pl"><![CDATA[porozumienia międzynarodowe]]></dc:subject>
<dc:description xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Warsaw]]></dc:description>
<dc:description xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Immigrants charged with or convicted of criminal offences have been deported from the United States to at least four African countries: South Sudan, Eswatini, Rwanda, and Ghana. The details of the agreements under which these countries accept third-country nationals (often from Asia) from the U.S. are unclear. These solutions are more symbolic than systemic in nature and will undermine trust in the United States among African countries in the long term.]]></dc:description>
<dc:description xml:lang="pl"><![CDATA[Warsaw]]></dc:description>
<dc:description xml:lang="pl"><![CDATA[Immigrants charged with or convicted of criminal offences have been deported from the United States to at least four African countries: South Sudan, Eswatini, Rwanda, and Ghana. The details of the agreements under which these countries accept third-country nationals (often from Asia) from the U.S. are unclear. These solutions are more symbolic than systemic in nature and will undermine trust in the United States among African countries in the long term.]]></dc:description>
<dc:publisher><![CDATA[The Polish Institute of International Affairs (PISM)]]></dc:publisher>
<dc:date><![CDATA[2025.10.21]]></dc:date>
<dc:type xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[file]]></dc:type>
<dc:type xml:lang="pl"><![CDATA[file]]></dc:type>
<dc:format xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[PDF]]></dc:format>
<dc:format xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[519 KB]]></dc:format>
<dc:format xml:lang="pl"><![CDATA[PDF]]></dc:format>
<dc:format xml:lang="pl"><![CDATA[519 KB]]></dc:format>
<dc:identifier><![CDATA[http://digit.pism.pl/Content/4809/PISM%20Bulletin%20no%20113%20(2614)%2021%20October%202025.pdf]]></dc:identifier>
<dc:identifier><![CDATA[https://digit.pism.pl/dlibra/publication/4990/edition/4809/content]]></dc:identifier>
<dc:identifier><![CDATA[oai:digit.pism.pl:4809]]></dc:identifier>
<dc:source xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[PISM Bulletin no. 113 (2614), 2025]]></dc:source>
<dc:source xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Library of the Polish Institute of International Affairs (PISM)]]></dc:source>
<dc:source xml:lang="pl"><![CDATA[PISM Bulletin no. 113 (2614), 2025]]></dc:source>
<dc:source xml:lang="pl"><![CDATA[Library of the Polish Institute of International Affairs (PISM)]]></dc:source>
<dc:language><![CDATA[eng]]></dc:language>
<dc:relation><![CDATA[Biuletyn PISM nr 113 (3116), 2025]]></dc:relation>
<dc:relation><![CDATA[oai:digit.pism.pl:publication:4990]]></dc:relation>
<dc:rights xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[The Polish Institute of International Affairs (PISM)]]></dc:rights>
<dc:rights xml:lang="pl"><![CDATA[The Polish Institute of International Affairs (PISM)]]></dc:rights>
</oai_dc:dc>

</metadata>
	  </record>	</GetRecord>
</OAI-PMH>
