<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="https://digit.pism.pl/style/common/xsl/oai-style.xsl"?>
<OAI-PMH xmlns="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/" 
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/
         http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/OAI-PMH.xsd">
	<responseDate>2026-10-08T23:05:57Z</responseDate>
	<request identifier="oai:digit.pism.pl:4819" metadataPrefix="oai_dc" verb="GetRecord">
	https://digit.pism.pl/oai-pmh-repository.xml</request>
	<GetRecord>
	
  <record>
	<header>
		<identifier>oai:digit.pism.pl:4819</identifier>
	    <datestamp>2026-10-07T13:49:21Z</datestamp>
		  <setSpec>dLibraDigitalLibrary:PulikacjePISM:BiulPISMBull:Bulletin</setSpec> 	      <setSpec>dLibraDigitalLibrary:PulikacjePISM:BiulPISMBull</setSpec> 	      <setSpec>dLibraDigitalLibrary:PulikacjePISM:BiulPISMBull:Bulletin:2025</setSpec> 	      <setSpec>dLibraDigitalLibrary</setSpec> 	      <setSpec>dLibraDigitalLibrary:PulikacjePISM</setSpec> 	    </header>
		<metadata>
	<oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd">
<dc:title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Western countries' sanctions offensive against Russia]]></dc:title>
<dc:title xml:lang="pl"><![CDATA[Western countries' sanctions offensive against Russia]]></dc:title>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[Kaca, Elżbieta.]]></dc:creator>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[Pastucha, Tymon.]]></dc:creator>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Western World]]></dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Russia]]></dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[War]]></dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Sanctions]]></dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="pl"><![CDATA[Świat Zachodni]]></dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="pl"><![CDATA[Rosja]]></dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="pl"><![CDATA[wojna]]></dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="pl"><![CDATA[sankcje]]></dc:subject>
<dc:description xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Warsaw]]></dc:description>
<dc:description xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[The renewed sanctions imposed by the US, the UK and the EU will reduce Russia's ability to finance its military operations by hitting the oil and gas sectors, which still generate around 25% of its budget revenue. The sanctions underscore the US's determination to force Russia to end its invasion of Ukraine. As a consequence, Russia's economic problems will worsen, and its economic and political influence abroad, including in certain EU countries, will diminish. However, the effectiveness of the restrictions will depend on how they are implemented by the US, how they are further tightened — especially against the Russian shadow fleet — and whether secondary sanctions are applied.]]></dc:description>
<dc:description xml:lang="pl"><![CDATA[Warsaw]]></dc:description>
<dc:description xml:lang="pl"><![CDATA[The renewed sanctions imposed by the US, the UK and the EU will reduce Russia's ability to finance its military operations by hitting the oil and gas sectors, which still generate around 25% of its budget revenue. The sanctions underscore the US's determination to force Russia to end its invasion of Ukraine. As a consequence, Russia's economic problems will worsen, and its economic and political influence abroad, including in certain EU countries, will diminish. However, the effectiveness of the restrictions will depend on how they are implemented by the US, how they are further tightened — especially against the Russian shadow fleet — and whether secondary sanctions are applied.]]></dc:description>
<dc:publisher><![CDATA[The Polish Institute of International Affairs (PISM)]]></dc:publisher>
<dc:date><![CDATA[2025.11.05]]></dc:date>
<dc:type xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[file]]></dc:type>
<dc:type xml:lang="pl"><![CDATA[file]]></dc:type>
<dc:format xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[PDF]]></dc:format>
<dc:format xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[529 KB]]></dc:format>
<dc:format xml:lang="pl"><![CDATA[PDF]]></dc:format>
<dc:format xml:lang="pl"><![CDATA[529 KB]]></dc:format>
<dc:identifier><![CDATA[http://digit.pism.pl/Content/4819/PISM%20Bulletin%20no%20116%20(2617)%205%20November%202025.pdf]]></dc:identifier>
<dc:identifier><![CDATA[https://digit.pism.pl/dlibra/publication/5000/edition/4819/content]]></dc:identifier>
<dc:identifier><![CDATA[oai:digit.pism.pl:4819]]></dc:identifier>
<dc:source xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[PISM Bulletin no. 116 (2617), 2025]]></dc:source>
<dc:source xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Library of the Polish Institute of International Affairs (PISM)]]></dc:source>
<dc:source xml:lang="pl"><![CDATA[PISM Bulletin no. 116 (2617), 2025]]></dc:source>
<dc:source xml:lang="pl"><![CDATA[Library of the Polish Institute of International Affairs (PISM)]]></dc:source>
<dc:language><![CDATA[eng]]></dc:language>
<dc:relation><![CDATA[Biuletyn PISM nr 116 (3119), 2025]]></dc:relation>
<dc:relation><![CDATA[oai:digit.pism.pl:publication:5000]]></dc:relation>
<dc:rights xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[The Polish Institute of International Affairs (PISM)]]></dc:rights>
<dc:rights xml:lang="pl"><![CDATA[The Polish Institute of International Affairs (PISM)]]></dc:rights>
</oai_dc:dc>

</metadata>
	  </record>	</GetRecord>
</OAI-PMH>
