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<dc:title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[The implications of the Graham Act for sanctions against Russia: A new card to play]]></dc:title>
<dc:title xml:lang="pl"><![CDATA[The implications of the Graham Act for sanctions against Russia: A new card to play]]></dc:title>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[Kaca, Elżbieta.]]></dc:creator>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Russian Federation]]></dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[United States]]></dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Sanctions]]></dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Customs duties]]></dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Economic foreign policy measures]]></dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[International politics]]></dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Foreign relations]]></dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[International conflicts]]></dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Energy policy]]></dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="pl"><![CDATA[Federacja Rosyjska]]></dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="pl"><![CDATA[Stany Zjednoczone]]></dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="pl"><![CDATA[sankcje]]></dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="pl"><![CDATA[cła]]></dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="pl"><![CDATA[środki ekonomiczne w polityce zagranicznej]]></dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="pl"><![CDATA[polityka międzynarodowa]]></dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="pl"><![CDATA[stosunki zagraniczne]]></dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="pl"><![CDATA[konflikty międzynarodowe]]></dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="pl"><![CDATA[polityka energetyczna]]></dc:subject>
<dc:description xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Warsaw]]></dc:description>
<dc:description xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[On 18 September 2026, President Donald Trump signed the Lindsey O. Graham Russia and Iran Sanctions Act of 2026 (the Graham Act), which codifies existing US sanctions against Russia and expands the scope for applying secondary sanctions, tariffs and restrictions, including against the energy sector and the shadow fleet. The Act will increase economic pressure on Russia, though its effectiveness will depend on the US President’s resolve in enforcing these measures.]]></dc:description>
<dc:description xml:lang="pl"><![CDATA[Warsaw]]></dc:description>
<dc:description xml:lang="pl"><![CDATA[On 18 September 2026, President Donald Trump signed the Lindsey O. Graham Russia and Iran Sanctions Act of 2026 (the Graham Act), which codifies existing US sanctions against Russia and expands the scope for applying secondary sanctions, tariffs and restrictions, including against the energy sector and the shadow fleet. The Act will increase economic pressure on Russia, though its effectiveness will depend on the US President’s resolve in enforcing these measures.]]></dc:description>
<dc:publisher><![CDATA[The Polish Institute of International Affairs (PISM)]]></dc:publisher>
<dc:date><![CDATA[2026.09.24]]></dc:date>
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<dc:format xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[249 KB]]></dc:format>
<dc:format xml:lang="pl"><![CDATA[PDF]]></dc:format>
<dc:format xml:lang="pl"><![CDATA[249 KB]]></dc:format>
<dc:identifier><![CDATA[http://digit.pism.pl/Content/4849/PISM%20Bulletin%20no%2064%20(2696)%2024%20September%202026.pdf]]></dc:identifier>
<dc:identifier><![CDATA[https://digit.pism.pl/dlibra/publication/5030/edition/4849/content]]></dc:identifier>
<dc:identifier><![CDATA[oai:digit.pism.pl:4849]]></dc:identifier>
<dc:source xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[PISM Bulletin no. 64 (2696), 2026]]></dc:source>
<dc:source xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Library of the Polish Institute of International Affairs (PISM)]]></dc:source>
<dc:source xml:lang="pl"><![CDATA[PISM Bulletin no. 64 (2696), 2026]]></dc:source>
<dc:source xml:lang="pl"><![CDATA[Library of the Polish Institute of International Affairs (PISM)]]></dc:source>
<dc:language><![CDATA[eng]]></dc:language>
<dc:relation><![CDATA[Biuletyn PISM nr 64 (3198), 2026]]></dc:relation>
<dc:relation><![CDATA[oai:digit.pism.pl:publication:5030]]></dc:relation>
<dc:rights xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[The Polish Institute of International Affairs (PISM)]]></dc:rights>
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