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<dc:title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[The results and limits of European states' interventions against the Russian shadow fleet]]></dc:title>
<dc:title xml:lang="pl"><![CDATA[The results and limits of European states' interventions against the Russian shadow fleet]]></dc:title>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[Kaca, Elżbieta.]]></dc:creator>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[European Union]]></dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Russian Federation]]></dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Marine transport]]></dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Vessels]]></dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Maritime security]]></dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[International politics]]></dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Sanctions]]></dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Economic foreign policy measures]]></dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="pl"><![CDATA[Unia Europejska]]></dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="pl"><![CDATA[Federacja Rosyjska]]></dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="pl"><![CDATA[transport morski]]></dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="pl"><![CDATA[statki/okręty]]></dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="pl"><![CDATA[bezpieczeństwo morskie]]></dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="pl"><![CDATA[polityka międzynarodowa]]></dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="pl"><![CDATA[sankcje]]></dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="pl"><![CDATA[środki ekonomiczne w polityce zagranicznej]]></dc:subject>
<dc:description xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Warsaw]]></dc:description>
<dc:description xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[The temporary detention of vessels belonging to the Russian shadow fleet, which has intensified in recent months, is emerging as a key instrument for sanctions enforcement and mitigation of maritime security threats. While these measures increase the fleet’s operating costs, they do not significantly reduce the scale of its activities. Strengthening coordination between European states and increasing the number of interventions in the Baltic and North Seas will be crucial in the fight against attempts to evade sanctions.]]></dc:description>
<dc:description xml:lang="pl"><![CDATA[Warsaw]]></dc:description>
<dc:description xml:lang="pl"><![CDATA[The temporary detention of vessels belonging to the Russian shadow fleet, which has intensified in recent months, is emerging as a key instrument for sanctions enforcement and mitigation of maritime security threats. While these measures increase the fleet’s operating costs, they do not significantly reduce the scale of its activities. Strengthening coordination between European states and increasing the number of interventions in the Baltic and North Seas will be crucial in the fight against attempts to evade sanctions.]]></dc:description>
<dc:publisher><![CDATA[The Polish Institute of International Affairs (PISM)]]></dc:publisher>
<dc:date><![CDATA[2026.08.25]]></dc:date>
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<dc:format xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[464 KB]]></dc:format>
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<dc:identifier><![CDATA[http://digit.pism.pl/Content/4922/PISM%20Bulletin%20no%2059%20(2691)%2025%20August%202026.pdf]]></dc:identifier>
<dc:identifier><![CDATA[https://digit.pism.pl/dlibra/publication/5103/edition/4922/content]]></dc:identifier>
<dc:identifier><![CDATA[oai:digit.pism.pl:4922]]></dc:identifier>
<dc:source xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[PISM Bulletin no. 59 (2691), 2026]]></dc:source>
<dc:source xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Library of the Polish Institute of International Affairs (PISM)]]></dc:source>
<dc:source xml:lang="pl"><![CDATA[PISM Bulletin no. 59 (2691), 2026]]></dc:source>
<dc:source xml:lang="pl"><![CDATA[Library of the Polish Institute of International Affairs (PISM)]]></dc:source>
<dc:relation><![CDATA[Biuletyn PISM nr 59 (3193), 2026]]></dc:relation>
<dc:relation><![CDATA[oai:digit.pism.pl:publication:5103]]></dc:relation>
<dc:rights xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[The Polish Institute of International Affairs (PISM)]]></dc:rights>
<dc:rights xml:lang="pl"><![CDATA[The Polish Institute of International Affairs (PISM)]]></dc:rights>
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