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		<identifier>oai:digit.pism.pl:5245</identifier>
	    <datestamp>2026-10-20T11:34:04Z</datestamp>
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<dc:title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Changes in Iran’s Policy on Africa]]></dc:title>
<dc:title xml:lang="pl"><![CDATA[Changes in Iran’s Policy on Africa]]></dc:title>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[Czerep, Jędrzej.]]></dc:creator>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Iran]]></dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Saudi Arabia]]></dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Horn of Africa]]></dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Marine transport]]></dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Foreign policy]]></dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[International relations]]></dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="pl"><![CDATA[Iran]]></dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="pl"><![CDATA[Arabia Saudyjska]]></dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="pl"><![CDATA[Róg Afryki]]></dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="pl"><![CDATA[transport morski]]></dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="pl"><![CDATA[polityka zagraniczna]]></dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="pl"><![CDATA[stosunki międzynarodowe]]></dc:subject>
<dc:description xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Warsaw]]></dc:description>
<dc:description xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Saudi Arabia is pushing Iran out of the Horn of Africa, where the regional rivalry threatens the safety of shipping along one of the world’s most important transport routes—between the Indian Ocean and the Red Sea. Renewed American sanctions have hampered Iranian economic interests in the eastern and southern parts of Africa. In these circumstances, with the goal of breaking out from international isolation, Iran is focused on building outposts in West Africa by supporting local Shia communities.]]></dc:description>
<dc:description xml:lang="pl"><![CDATA[Warsaw]]></dc:description>
<dc:description xml:lang="pl"><![CDATA[Saudi Arabia is pushing Iran out of the Horn of Africa, where the regional rivalry threatens the safety of shipping along one of the world’s most important transport routes—between the Indian Ocean and the Red Sea. Renewed American sanctions have hampered Iranian economic interests in the eastern and southern parts of Africa. In these circumstances, with the goal of breaking out from international isolation, Iran is focused on building outposts in West Africa by supporting local Shia communities.]]></dc:description>
<dc:publisher><![CDATA[The Polish Institute of International Affairs (PISM)]]></dc:publisher>
<dc:date><![CDATA[2019.02.21]]></dc:date>
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<dc:format xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[368 KB]]></dc:format>
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<dc:identifier><![CDATA[http://digit.pism.pl/Content/5245/Bulletin%20PISM%20no%2027%20(1273)%2021%20February%202019.pdf]]></dc:identifier>
<dc:identifier><![CDATA[https://digit.pism.pl/dlibra/publication/5428/edition/5245/content]]></dc:identifier>
<dc:identifier><![CDATA[oai:digit.pism.pl:5245]]></dc:identifier>
<dc:source xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[PISM Bulletin no. 27 (1273), 2019]]></dc:source>
<dc:source xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Library of the Polish Institute of International Affairs (PISM)]]></dc:source>
<dc:source xml:lang="pl"><![CDATA[PISM Bulletin no. 27 (1273), 2019]]></dc:source>
<dc:source xml:lang="pl"><![CDATA[Library of the Polish Institute of International Affairs (PISM)]]></dc:source>
<dc:language><![CDATA[eng]]></dc:language>
<dc:relation><![CDATA[Biuletyn PISM nr 27 (1775), 2019]]></dc:relation>
<dc:relation><![CDATA[oai:digit.pism.pl:publication:5428]]></dc:relation>
<dc:rights xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[The Polish Institute of International Affairs (PISM)]]></dc:rights>
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