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		<identifier>oai:digit.pism.pl:6006</identifier>
	    <datestamp>2026-11-09T09:43:33Z</datestamp>
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<dc:title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[France and African Debt: Testing Multilateralism]]></dc:title>
<dc:title xml:lang="pl"><![CDATA[France and African Debt: Testing Multilateralism]]></dc:title>
<dc:creator><![CDATA[Maślanka, Łukasz.]]></dc:creator>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Africa]]></dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[France]]></dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Foreign debt]]></dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Debt relief/debt cancellation]]></dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[COVID-19]]></dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Humanitarian aid]]></dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="pl"><![CDATA[Afryka]]></dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="pl"><![CDATA[Francja]]></dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="pl"><![CDATA[zadłużenie zagraniczne]]></dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="pl"><![CDATA[umorzenie/anulowanie długu]]></dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="pl"><![CDATA[COVID-19]]></dc:subject>
<dc:subject xml:lang="pl"><![CDATA[pomoc humanitarna]]></dc:subject>
<dc:description xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Warsaw]]></dc:description>
<dc:description xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Following an increase of COVID-19 cases in Africa, France wants to present itself as the main advocate of a humanitarian aid plan and the broadly discussed proposal of mass debt relief for the continent. In its political dimension, the move highlights the international role of France and the EU. It can also contribute to decreasing the dependence of African states on China. If it succeeds, President Emmanuel Macron can go forward with his initiative to reform the global governance system, especially the UN, and to emphasize the importance of the EU's Southern Neighbourhood Policy.]]></dc:description>
<dc:description xml:lang="pl"><![CDATA[Warsaw]]></dc:description>
<dc:description xml:lang="pl"><![CDATA[Following an increase of COVID-19 cases in Africa, France wants to present itself as the main advocate of a humanitarian aid plan and the broadly discussed proposal of mass debt relief for the continent. In its political dimension, the move highlights the international role of France and the EU. It can also contribute to decreasing the dependence of African states on China. If it succeeds, President Emmanuel Macron can go forward with his initiative to reform the global governance system, especially the UN, and to emphasize the importance of the EU's Southern Neighbourhood Policy.]]></dc:description>
<dc:publisher><![CDATA[The Polish Institute of International Affairs (PISM)]]></dc:publisher>
<dc:date><![CDATA[2020.05.12]]></dc:date>
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<dc:format xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[625 KB]]></dc:format>
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<dc:identifier><![CDATA[http://digit.pism.pl/Content/6006/Bulletin%20PISM%20no%20103%20(1533)%2012%20May%202020.pdf]]></dc:identifier>
<dc:identifier><![CDATA[https://digit.pism.pl/dlibra/publication/6190/edition/6006/content]]></dc:identifier>
<dc:identifier><![CDATA[oai:digit.pism.pl:6006]]></dc:identifier>
<dc:source xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Library of the Polish Institute of International Affairs (PISM)]]></dc:source>
<dc:source xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[PISM Bulletin no. 103 (1533), 2020]]></dc:source>
<dc:source xml:lang="pl"><![CDATA[Library of the Polish Institute of International Affairs (PISM)]]></dc:source>
<dc:source xml:lang="pl"><![CDATA[PISM Bulletin no. 103 (1533), 2020]]></dc:source>
<dc:language><![CDATA[eng]]></dc:language>
<dc:relation><![CDATA[Biuletyn PISM nr 103 (2035), 2020]]></dc:relation>
<dc:relation><![CDATA[oai:digit.pism.pl:publication:6190]]></dc:relation>
<dc:rights xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[The Polish Institute of International Affairs (PISM)]]></dc:rights>
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